Croatia

ABOUT CROATIA

On the brink between Middle Europe and Mediterranean, Croatia is as diverse as its landscapes. A country of dramatic mountainous landscapes and dreamy deep-blue seascapes combines the timeless unspoiled nature coupled with beautifully preserved centuriesold architecture and a lively contemporary cultural scene.

Although Croatia’s rocky stretch of the Adriatic is not suitable for large-scale tourist development, it is astoundingly beautiful. Nearly 2000 km long coastline of a crystal-clear turquoise sea with over 1000 islands offer numerous small pebble coves backed by pinewoods, fishing villages, remote lighthouse islets, secluded coves and Robinson-Crusoe-style atolls and family beaches.

This small country also abounds with diversity of national parks among which certainly the most famous are Plitvice Lakes, Krka waterfalls, the island of Mljet, Kornati islands and Brijuni archipelago.

Historical footprints can be best followed by visiting city destinations such as Zagreb, Dubrovnik, Split and Zadar rich with Roman, Byzantine, Venetian and Austro-Hungarian historical monuments and cultural influence. The historic centres of Dubrovnik and Split are UNESCO world heritage sites, as well as the cathedrals in Trogir and Šibenik and the basilica in Poreč.

Gastronomy experience is also the important and special highlight of Croatia. Its main assets are locally sourced, prime-quality ingredients from the land and sea, creatively prepared by passionate chefs or cooked up home-style in family-run taverns. Numerous wine regions of Croatia are burgeoning like the country itself, and its olive oils are also winning top awards.

Croatia also has a remarkable geographical position in the region, allowing extended visits to neighbouring countries Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro. Just few kilometers drive from Croatia you will have the possibility to experience a different culture, language and traditional customs.

Geographical position

Croatia extends from the furthest Eastern edges of the Alps in the North-West to the Pannonian lowlands and the banks of the Danube in the East; its central region is covered by the Dinara mountain range, and its Southern parts extend to the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Surface

The mainland covers 56,594 km2; surface area of territorial waters totals 31,067 km2.

Population

4.338,410 inhabitants; composition of population: majority of the population are Croats; national minorities are Serbs, Slovenes, Hungarians, Bosnians, Italians, Czechs and others.

System of government

Multi-party parliamentary republic.

Capital

Zagreb (779,045 inhabitants), the economic, traffic, cultural and academic centre of the country.

Coastline

5,835.3 km, of which 4,058 km comprise the coastlines of islands, solitary rocks and reefs. Number of islands, solitary rocks and reefs: 1,185; the largest islands are Cres and Krk; there are 47 inhabited islands.

Highest peak

Dinara: 1,831 m above sea level.

Climate

Croatia has three climate zones; the prevailing climate in the country’s interior is moderately rainy; on the highest peaks a forest climate with snow falls, while the areas along the Adriatic coast have a pleasantly mild Mediterranean climate with a large number of sunny days; summers are dry and hot, winters mild and wet with significant precipitations. Average temperatures in the interior: January: – 2 to 0°C, somewhat lower at the highest altitudes; August: about 20°C and about 12°C on the highest peaks. Average temperature in the littoral: January: 5 – 9°C, August: 23 – 27°C; sea temperature in the winter: 2°C; in the summer, 23 – 25°C.

Currency

Kuna (1 kuna = 100 lipa). Foreign currency can be exchanged in banks, exchange offices, post offices, travel agencies, hotels, camps, marinas; checks can be cashed in banks.

Dubrovnik

Dubrovnik, a city surrounded by walls built in the period from the 13th to the 17th century, is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean. With foundations in the maritime trade, in the Middle Ages it became the only city-state in the Adriatic, thus competing with Venice. Thanks to the extraordinary wealth and diplomacy, the city achieved a remarkable level of development during the 15th and 16th century. It was one of the centres of the of the development of the Croatian language and literature, home to many famous poets, playwrights, physicists, mathematicians, painters and other scholars. Today is the pride of Croatian tourism, an elite destination and the most beautiful city of the Mediterranean.

Split

The foundations of the city of Split lie in the palace that was built by the Roman Emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD. The palace, with the entire historical centre of Split, is on the list of World Heritage by UNESCO since 1979. Throughout the whole structure there are visible historical layers of ancient Rome through the Middle Ages to today. Today, the city is crawling with numerous cultural events such as film and theatre festivals, exhibitions, world-class museums and concerts. The symbol of Split is Marjan, a hill which, with its forests, trails for running, hiking and cycling, but also archaic churches, is a source of peace and relaxation.

Trogir

Ancient Greek and Roman cultures and later the Venetians formed Trogir’s rich cultural heritage. It is the best-preserved Romanesque-Gothic complex not only in the Adriatic, but in all of Central Europe. The town is situated in the centre of Dalmatia on the Adriatic coast. It is characterized by the sculptural artistry on the stone, and almost every house has a coat of arms, inscription, or some other style mark. Surrounded by parks on one side and the sea on the other, it preserves many historical artefacts and monuments.

National Park Plitvice Lakes

National Park Plitvice Lakes is a woody mountainous region with a string of 16 smaller and larger lakes of a crystal blue and green colour. They are supplied by water from numerous small rivers and streams and are interconnected with foamy cascades and forest falls. In the oldest Croatian national park are registered 1,267 plant species, 321 species of butterflies, 157 species of birds... The park also includes the highest waterfall in Croatia, Veliki slap that is 78 meters high. Aside from the height, it differs from other falls in its occurrence. It forms out of collapsing of the Plitvica stream down a steep cliff, while others are formed out of a lake.

National Park Krka

National Park Krka is named after Krka River that runs through the park. The national park is located in Central Dalmatia, only a few kilometers northeast of the Sibenik. It covers mostly unchanged area and multiple natural ecosystems. One of the liveliest parts of the park is Roski fall which dives in Lake Visovac from a height of 22.5 meters. There is also a mill complex, a valuable ethnographic heritage. Catering facilities are located alongside the waterfall, and offer visitors a real taste and aroma of this region.

Medvednica Nature Park

Medvednica Nature Park with the Veternica Cave and the forest reserve covers the mountainous region around Zagreb. The highest peak of Medvednica is Sljeme, with height of 1033 meters. It is known for its ski slopes on which the race Snow Queen is held. With unspoiled nature, there are two towers, Medvedgrad and Susedgrad, built in the 13th century. Also, Castle Oršić near Gornja Stubica was built in 1756. on the foundations of a fortress built in the 13th century. Today, the castle is renovated and converted into a Museum of Peasants’ Revolt.

Velebit Nature Park

Velebit Nature Park is the largest protected area in Croatia that includes most of the Velebit mountain range, and is also on the UNESCO’s list of international biosphere reserves. It is the most significant endemic centre of flora and mainland fauna in Croatia. Inside of the park are situated two national parks, the National Park and Northern Velebit National Park. ''Kuda's Bridge'', the oldest preserved crossing over the river, overlooks the magnificent waterfalls and travertine cascades of Krupa. With numerous remains of cultural monuments, the complex includes three caves with a total of 4 km of explored canals.

Slavonija

Eastern Croatia – Slavonia is an ideal destination for tourists who want to spend their holidays in peace and quiet, away from everyday stress and traffic jams. It is surrounded by three rivers: Sava, Drava and Danube, and they form a space crowned by forests, meadows and hills. Slavonia is famous by sunflower fields, festivals, Dunav river cruises, special ham sausage Kulen and wines - The Ilok Winery (Ilok is a Croatian town on the Danube river) can boast that in 1954 Great Britain ordered 11,000 bottles of wine for the official ceremony of coronation of the British Queen Elisabeth II.

Mljet

Deep bay created by higher sea level in post-glacial period that used to be a karst gorge that filled with sea through the system of karst cracks as well as through the narrow passage connecting it to the open sea through Soline Channel. The two lakes are connected by a channel 30 m long and 0.5 m deep. The richness of underwater life contains some rare and endemic species as well. One of the specific life forms of the lakes are numerous species of shellfish, like scallops, pen shells, date shells and many others, that find this environment favourable for their growth.

Korčula

Korčula is the city on an island bearing the same name and is known as the birthplace of the famous explorer – Marco Polo. Encompassed by the city walls it has the red roofs that resemble the ones in Dubrovnik. Meet the centuries’ long work of stonemasons whose straightforward urban planning has turned architectural designs into real works of art. The island has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and traces of ancient life were discovered in many places. The oldest among them are the stone knives from the Neolithic period on the islet Badija near the town of Korcula. However, the best explored Neolithic site is Vela Cave in Vela Luka.

Zlatni Rat

The southern coast of Brač Island hides an unusual and beautiful beach called Zlatni Rat, one of the most recognizable symbols of the Adriatic. Surrounded by clear azure sea, the pebbly horn protrudes for a kilometre into the sea. The beach is unique since, depending on the direction of the wind, it changes its shape and position. The same winds make the beach a very popular destination for windsurfing.

Ston City Walls

After the Dubrovnik Republic had acquired the territory of Pelješac Peninsula in 1333, they started building the defensive system whose original length amounted to 7000 metres and was in use till the beginning of the 19th century. The medieval city of Ston itself followed a carefully designed plan respecting the orthogonally aligned raster under the decision of the government of the Republic, which has made it one of the ideally planned cities in Europe.

Pula

Pula’s thousand years old rich past can be seen at every turn of a corner in the old town. The most well-known and most significant monument dates back to the 1st century B.C., once used for gladiator fights, the Roman Amphitheatre Arena stands side by side with the Roman Colosseum. Roman architecture dominates the city’s centre with the Arch of the Sergii, the Gate of Hercules, the Twin Gates, the Temple of Augustus and favourite gathering place, dating back to the time of Emperor Augustus and now the main town square – the Forum, can be seen.

Motovun

Situated above the river Mirna valley, developed out of an ancient city on a 277 metre hill, the medieval town Motovun is one of Istria’s hinterland symbols. A gothic belfry, 27 m high and built in the 13th century as a watchtower, dominates the entire landscape. Fortified with high city walls, Motovun preserves its rich historical and cultural heritage. The Motovun forest, extending along the river Mirna valley, is a popular habitat of prized white truffle, an underground fungus known for its aphrodisiac properties. Motovun is also considered a source of positive energy as three ley lines crisscross for the purpose of distributing positive energy through the ground.

Opatija

Opatija developed at the foothill of the Učka mountain near the Benedictine Monastery of St. Jacob in 1453, while her charm was discovered by the Rijeka patrician, Iginio Scarpa in 1844 where he built his summerhouse, today’s Villa Angiolina. The first hotel on the Adriatic opened in Opatija in 1884 and named the Hotel Quarnero – present day Hotel Kvarner. Opatija was fondly visited by kings, tsars, emperors, literati, writers, musicians – of whom should be mentioned Emperor Franz Joseph I, Sisi (Empress Elisabeth); writers - Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, James Joyce and musicians – Gustav Mahler and Giacomo Puccini. Even today, Opatija is recognised for its amazing architecture, luxurious villas and summerhouses, carefully tended parks and waterfront promenade “Lungomare” of 12 kilometres.

Krk

The town of Krk is one of the oldest urban settlements in Croatia. Its founders were the Illyrians from the Liburnian tribe Curicta. The town rates third in Croatia for its fortification walls after Ston and Dubrovnik. The wall dates back to Illyrian (Pre-Rome) era. In ancient times, the Kvarner islands were called Apsyrtidian or Electridian (Amber Islands) via which amber trading was conducted from the Baltics to the Mediterranean region. Entering the town is accomplished through four doors while, dominating the town, is the Krk Cathedral on an uplift overlooking the entire bay. The three churches built on the remains of Roman thermae in the 5th century, Franciscan and Benedictine monasteries with churches from the 12th and 13th centuries, is a treat for history lovers.

Zagreb

Visit this old Mid European city with 900 years of history. Feel its charming past and contemporary hustling present. The rich calendar of various events and the city's landmarks have placed Zagreb on the list of the popular European metropolises. Today, thanks to its history, Zagreb is full of monuments and captivating architecture. Upper Town (Gradec) is the historical centre of Zagreb with a main square of Saint Mark that was once a place of trade, and today is the political headquarters. Aside from the square, Upper Town has a number of museums and galleries. Capitol, another historical part of Zagreb, was formed around the Cathedral, which is considered to be the tallest structure in Croatia.

Zadar

Centuries’ old cultural heritage of Zadar makes it a must-visit place to meet Croatian tradition and its influences. In more recent times, Zadar has become a hip destination for the young and their innovative artistic installations and music festivals. This popular Croatian tourist destination London Times proclaimed to be the ''entertainment centre on the Adriatic'', and Guardian ''the new Croatian capital of cool''.